Precipitation pH of Various Metal Oxides and Hydroxides
|
Element |
Metal
oxide or hydroxide |
Precipitation
pH |
Highest
precip |
Lowest
Precip |
|
Hafnium |
Hf
4+ |
6
to 7 |
7 |
6 |
|
Zirconium |
Zr
4+ |
6
to 7 |
7 |
6 |
|
Iridium |
Ir
4+ |
6
to 8 |
8 |
6 |
|
Aluminum |
Al
3+ |
7
to 8 |
8 |
7 |
|
Antimony |
Sb
3+ |
7
to 8 |
8 |
7 |
|
Antimony |
Sb
5+ |
7
to 8 |
8 |
7 |
|
Beryllium |
Be
2+ |
7
to 8=7F |
8 |
7 |
|
Gallium |
Ga
3+ |
7
to 8 |
8 |
7 |
|
Gold |
Au
3+ |
7
to 8 |
8 |
7 |
|
Lead |
Pb
2+ |
7
to 8 |
8 |
7 |
|
Osmium |
Os
4+ |
7
to 8 |
8 |
7 |
|
Paladium |
Pd
2+ |
7
to 8 |
8 |
7 |
|
Paladium |
Pd
4+ |
7
to 8 |
8 |
7 |
|
Platinum |
Pt
2+ |
7
to 8 |
8 |
7 |
|
Rhodium |
Rh
3+ |
7
to 8 |
8 |
7 |
|
Tin |
Sn
2+ |
7
to 8 |
8 |
7 |
|
Tin |
Sn
4+ |
7
to 8 |
8 |
7 |
|
Vanadium |
V 4+ |
7
to 8 |
8 |
7 |
|
Vanadium |
V 5+ |
7
to 8 |
8 |
7 |
|
Zinc |
Zn
2+ |
7
to 8 |
8 |
7 |
|
Niobium |
Nb
5+ |
1
to 10 |
10 |
1 |
|
Tantalium |
Ta
5+ |
1
to 10 |
10 |
1 |
|
Indium |
In
3+ |
6
to 13 |
13 |
6 |
|
Rhenium |
Re
3+ |
6
and up 1N |
14 |
6 |
|
Thorium |
Th
4+ |
6
and up 1N |
14 |
6 |
|
Bismuth |
Bi
3+ |
7
and up 1N |
14 |
7 |
|
Cadmium |
Cd
2+ |
7
and up 1N |
14 |
7 |
|
Chromium |
Cr
3+ |
7
and up 1N |
14 |
7 |
|
Copper |
Cu
2+ |
7
and up 1N |
14 |
7 |
|
Iron |
Fe
2+ |
7
and up 1N |
14 |
7 |
|
Manganese |
Mn
4+ |
7
and up 1N |
14 |
7 |
|
Ruthenium |
Ru
3+ |
7
and up 1N |
14 |
7 |
|
Cobalt |
Co
2+ |
8
and up 1N |
14 |
8 |
|
Manganese |
Mn
2+ |
8
and up 1N |
14 |
8 |
|
Mercury |
Hg
1+ |
8
and up 1N |
14 |
8 |
|
Mercury |
Hg
2+ |
8
and up 1N |
14 |
8 |
|
Nickel |
Ni
2+ |
8
and up 1N |
14 |
8 |
|
Scandium |
Sc
3+ |
8
and up 1N |
14 |
8 |
|
Titanium |
Ti
3+ |
8
and up 1N |
14 |
8 |
|
Titanium |
Ti
4+ |
8
and up 1N |
14 |
8 |
|
Copper |
Cu
1+ |
9
and up 1N |
14 |
9 |
|
Magnesium |
Mg
2+ |
9
and up 1N |
14 |
9 |
|
Silver |
Ag
1+ |
pH
9 and up 1N |
14 |
9 |
|
Thallium |
Tl
3+ |
9
and up 1N |
14 |
9 |